{
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  "@id": "https://www.z-beam.com/datasets/contaminants/weld-heat-tint-laser-cleaning#dataset",
  "identifier": "weld-heat-tint-laser-cleaning",
  "name": "weld-heat-tint",
  "description": "weld-heat-tint",
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  "includedInDataCatalog": {
    "@type": "DataCatalog",
    "name": "Z-Beam Laser Cleaning Entity Registry",
    "url": "https://www.z-beam.com/datasets"
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  "variableMeasured": [
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "heatTintColorMap",
      "value": "The color of the heat tint provides a direct, visible warning of the severity of the underlying metallurgical damage",
      "propertyID": "contaminant:weld-heat-tint/facts.heatTintColorMap",
      "citation": [
        {
          "@id": "#twi-heat-tint-removal-stainless"
        },
        {
          "@id": "#twi-heat-tint-avoidance"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "chromiumDepletionMechanism",
      "value": "In the temperature range of 450-900°C, carbon and chromium carbide Cr₂₃C₆ is insoluble in the matrix and precipitates out of solid solution — this removes chromium from the matrix and creates a depleted chromium region adjacent to the grain boundary",
      "propertyID": "contaminant:weld-heat-tint/facts.chromiumDepletionMechanism",
      "citation": [
        {
          "@id": "#thermalprocessing-sensitization-2024"
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    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "heatTintThickness",
      "value": "Heat tint oxide films range from 30–500 nm thick — orders of magnitude thinner than mill scale (>30 μm)",
      "propertyID": "contaminant:weld-heat-tint/facts.heatTintThickness",
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        {
          "@id": "#cxp-heat-tint-guide"
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    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "ablationThresholdHeatTint",
      "value": "Post-weld oxide removal on stainless steel is one of the strongest use cases for laser cleaning — HAZ discoloration is removed in seconds per meter of weld",
      "propertyID": "contaminant:weld-heat-tint/facts.ablationThresholdHeatTint",
      "unitText": "J/cm²",
      "citation": [
        {
          "@id": "#jla-heat-tint-removal-2022"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "stainlessPassivationAfterLaser",
      "value": "Laser ablation did not restore corrosion resistance properties for any of the tested alloys; however, strong-field laser passivation significantly reduces corrosion — both are true within their parameter windows",
      "propertyID": "contaminant:weld-heat-tint/facts.stainlessPassivationAfterLaser",
      "citation": [
        {
          "@id": "#diva-weld-oxide-removal-2024"
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        {
          "@id": "#nature-strong-field-passivation-2025"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "colorConfusionTitanium",
      "value": "When titanium gets hot and hits oxygen, it absorbs the gas into its crystal structure — it doesn't just surface oxidize, it transforms into a ceramic-like material known as Alpha Case",
      "propertyID": "contaminant:weld-heat-tint/facts.colorConfusionTitanium",
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        {
          "@id": "#riselaser-titanium-welding-guide"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "interpassTintRemoval",
      "value": "cleaning speeds varying from 1 m to 1.5 m per minute — matching common welding speeds so it is easy to include a new laser cleaning system in an existing line",
      "propertyID": "contaminant:weld-heat-tint/facts.interpassTintRemoval",
      "citation": [
        {
          "@id": "#plaser-weld-cleaning"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "picklingPasteElimination",
      "value": "Before using pickling paste consideration should be given to whether it has to be used — pickling pastes contain a combination of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid which can cause serious burn injuries",
      "propertyID": "contaminant:weld-heat-tint/facts.picklingPasteElimination",
      "citation": [
        {
          "@id": "#hse-post-weld-cleaning"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "fleetFitHeatTint",
      "value": "Low Power and Mid Power systems recommended for stainless weld cleaning — 100–500W pulsed fiber covers post-weld oxide removal",
      "propertyID": "contaminant:weld-heat-tint/facts.fleetFitHeatTint",
      "citation": [
        {
          "@id": "#plaser-weld-cleaning"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "narrowestMarginTint",
      "value": "Maximum interpass temperature 300°F (150°C) — thin-gauge stainless risks warping when heat tint is removed",
      "propertyID": "contaminant:weld-heat-tint/facts.narrowestMarginTint",
      "citation": [
        {
          "@id": "#kickinghorse-stainless-tig-guide"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "absorptionProfile",
      "value": "Heat tint oxide films (30–500 nm Cr-rich oxide ± Fe₂O₃/NiO) absorb 1064 nm efficiently. The thin-film oxide strongly absorbs at IR wavelengths — absorption contrast between dark oxide and bare stainless steel drives the selective removal mechanism.",
      "propertyID": "contaminant:weld-heat-tint/facts.absorptionProfile",
      "citation": [
        {
          "@id": "#jla-heat-tint-removal-2022"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "formationChemistry",
      "value": "Austenitic stainless steels heated to 450–900°C precipitate Cr₂₃C₆ chromium carbides at grain boundaries. Chromium diffuses faster than it can be replenished from the bulk — the grain-boundary adjacent zone becomes chromium-depleted (Cr < 10.5%). Simultaneously, surface oxidation forms a visually colored oxide film whose thickness (interference color) correlates with peak temperature.",
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      "citation": [
        {
          "@id": "#thermalprocessing-sensitization-2024"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "detectionMethods",
      "value": "Visual inspection per AWS D1.6 color chart (straw→purple→blue→grey); ASTM A380 passivation acceptance criteria; corrosion potential measurement (ASTM G-150); interpass visual during multi-pass welding",
      "propertyID": "contaminant:weld-heat-tint/facts.detectionMethods",
      "citation": [
        {
          "@id": "#twi-heat-tint-removal-stainless"
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        {
          "@id": "#diva-weld-oxide-removal-2024"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "byproducts",
      "value": "{\"airborne\":\"Cr₂O₃/Fe₂O₃ oxide particulate from thin films — typically sub-micron dust, not hexavalent chromium for general stainless grades\",\"filtration\":\"Standard HEPA/P100 particulate extraction\",\"wasteClassification\":\"Chromium oxide particulate dust — non-hazardous for general grades. Verify Cr(VI) for high-Cr alloys\"}",
      "propertyID": "contaminant:weld-heat-tint/facts.byproducts",
      "citation": [
        {
          "@id": "#nature-strong-field-passivation-2025"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "downstreamCompatibility",
      "value": "{\"recontamination\":\"Immediate oxidation risk is minimal — clean stainless passivates naturally in air. However, chromium-depleted grain boundary zones remain vulnerable to intergranular corrosion\",\"surfaceReadiness\":\"DIVA thesis (2024): laser removal restores composition but not full pitting potential equivalent to chemically pickled surface — supplementary chemical passivation (citric/nitric acid) may be required for critical service\"}",
      "propertyID": "contaminant:weld-heat-tint/facts.downstreamCompatibility",
      "citation": [
        {
          "@id": "#diva-weld-oxide-removal-2024"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "laserDamageThreshold",
      "value": "5–12",
      "propertyID": "contaminant:weld-heat-tint/facts.laserDamageThreshold",
      "unitText": "J/cm²",
      "wavelengthNm": 1064,
      "pulseRegime": "ns",
      "citation": [
        {
          "@id": "#jla-heat-tint-removal-2022"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "measurementTechnique": "Laser cleaning parameter measurement",
  "license": {
    "@type": "CreativeWork",
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  },
  "creator": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "Z-Beam Laser Cleaning"
  },
  "publisher": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "Z-Beam Laser Cleaning",
    "url": "https://www.z-beam.com"
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  "dateModified": "2026-08-31",
  "version": "3.0",
  "citation": [
    {
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "@id": "#cxp-heat-tint-guide",
      "headline": "CXP Solutions, 'Heat Tint Removal Guide: Complete technical guide to removing heat tint, weld discoloration, and oxide layers from stainless steel per ASTM A380'",
      "sameAs": "https://cxp-solutions.com/guides/heat-tint-removal-guide"
    },
    {
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "@id": "#diva-weld-oxide-removal-2024",
      "headline": "Taivalkoski, O. et al., 'Removal of weld oxides from stainless steel,' DIVA Portal (M.Sc. Thesis), 2024.",
      "sameAs": "https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1908336/FULLTEXT01.pdf"
    },
    {
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "@id": "#hse-post-weld-cleaning",
      "headline": "UK Health and Safety Executive, 'Post weld cleaning using pickling pastes' — COSHH guidance",
      "sameAs": "https://www.hse.gov.uk/welding/post-weld-cleaning.htm"
    },
    {
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "@id": "#jla-heat-tint-removal-2022",
      "headline": "Laser-assisted removal of weld heat tints from stainless steel surface, Journal of Laser Applications, Vol. 34, Issue 1, 2022",
      "sameAs": "https://pubs.aip.org/lia/jla/article/34/1/012003/2845774/Laser-assisted-removal-of-weld-heat-tints-from"
    },
    {
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "@id": "#kickinghorse-stainless-tig-guide",
      "headline": "KickingHorse Welders, 'TIG Welding Stainless Steel: Professional Techniques' — Interpass temperature",
      "sameAs": "https://kickinghorsewelders.ca/tig-welding-stainless-steel-professional-techniques-for-perfect-ezp-131"
    },
    {
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "@id": "#nature-strong-field-passivation-2025",
      "headline": "'Significant reduction of corrosion of stainless steel by strong-field laser surface passivation,' Light: Science & Applications (Nature), 2025.",
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    },
    {
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "@id": "#plaser-weld-cleaning",
      "headline": "P-Laser, 'Weld Cleaning: Stainless Steel, Steel, Aluminum' — Application guide",
      "sameAs": "https://www.p-laser.com/applications/weld-cleaning"
    },
    {
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "@id": "#riselaser-titanium-welding-guide",
      "headline": "RiseLaser, 'How to Laser Weld Titanium' — Alpha case, reactivity, and surface preparation",
      "sameAs": "https://riselaser.com/blog/how-to-laser-weld-titanium"
    },
    {
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "@id": "#thermalprocessing-sensitization-2024",
      "headline": "Intergranular corrosion of austenitic stainless steels, Thermal Processing Magazine",
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}