FDA
FDA 21 CFR 1040.10 - Laser Product Performance Standards
Todd DunningMAUnited States
Optical Materials for Laser SystemsPublished
Dec 10, 2025
Indium Phosphide Laser Cleaning
Laser cleaning parameters and specifications for Indium Phosphide
Laser-Material Interaction
Thermal Destruction
1,335
K
1,502
1,335
1,696
Laser Absorption
0.3
1.9e4
0.3
1.1e6
Laser Damage Threshold
1.5
J/cm²
0.47
1.5
8.9
Ablation Threshold
0.72
J/cm²
1.2
0.72
2
Thermal Diffusivity
4.5e-5
m²/s
2.4e-5
4.5e-5
9.2e-5
Thermal Expansion
4.6e-6
K^{-1}
2e-6
4.6e-6
6e-6
Specific Heat
310
J/(kg·K)
300
310
900
Thermal Conductivity
68
W/m·K
0.2
68
156
Laser Reflectivity
0.28
0.3
0.28
0.36
Indium Phosphide Laser Cleaning Material Characteristics
Density
4.8
g/cm³
2.2
4.8
5.5
Surface Roughness
0.2
μm
0
0.2
0.4
Tensile Strength
41
MPa
30.8
41
255
Youngs Modulus
61
GPa
81.1
61
1.5e11
Hardness
0.8
GPa
2
0.8
2,600
Flexural Strength
95
MPa
79.9
95
148
Oxidation Resistance
5
μm/year
0
5
2.4
Corrosion Resistance
0.65
mm/year
0.87
0.65
1.6e5
Compressive Strength
41
MPa
133
41
7,343
Fracture Toughness
4.5
MPa m^{1/2}
0.52
4.5
0.97
Electrical Resistivity
1e7
Ω·m
11.4
1e7
1.4e6
Indium Phosphide surface magnification
Before Treatment
At 1000x magnification, the contaminated surface of Indium Phosphide shows scattered dark spots and uneven layers that cover much of the base material. Fine particles cling tightly to the rough patches, creating a mottled appearance across the entire view. These contaminants obscure the underlying structure and make the surface look dull overall.
After Treatment
After laser treatment, the same surface appears smooth and uniform under 1000x magnification, with no visible particles remaining. The base material now reveals a consistent texture that reflects
Regulatory Standards & Compliance
ANSI
ANSI Z136.1 - Safe Use of Lasers
Indium Phosphide Laser Cleaning Laser Cleaning FAQs
Q: How do I avoid damaging Indium Phosphide during laser cleaning?
A: I've seen laser cleaning go wrong on Indium Phosphide if you push too hard. Start low on power to watch its response without cracking the surface. This material tends to absorb heat evenly, so gradual passes restore cleanliness safely compared to brittle semiconductors.
Q: What's the best way to remove contaminants from Indium Phosphide wafers?
A: When laser cleaning Indium Phosphide, you'll want to use short pulses first. This exposes the surface gently and removes residues without altering the structure. I've found it works best on flat wafers, reducing haze unlike with rougher compounds.
Q: Why does Indium Phosphide sometimes show uneven cleaning results?
A: Watch for uneven spots on Indium Phosphide during laser sessions. Its moderate reflectivity can scatter the beam, leading to patchy removal compared to highly reflective materials. Adjust the angle carefully to reveal a uniform finish across the whole piece.
Related Semiconductor › Compound Materials
Indium Phosphide Laser Cleaning Dataset Download
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