FDA
FDA 21 CFR 1040.10 - Laser Product Performance Standards
Yi-Chun LinPh.D.Taiwan
Laser Materials ProcessingPublished
Dec 16, 2025
Basalt Laser Cleaning
When handling basalt for laser cleaning in tough industrial settings, I've seen it outperform softer stones like sandstone by staying intact against intense heat and corrosion, so you avoid surface damage during aerospace or marine repairs.
Laser-Material Interaction
Absorptivity
0.85
0.7
0.85
0.95
Absorption Coefficient
5e5
m⁻¹
1e5
5e5
1e6
Laser Damage Threshold
5
J/cm²
1
5
10
Thermal Shock Resistance
3
MW/m
2
3
4
Reflectivity
0.15
0.05
0.15
0.3
Thermal Destruction Point
1,573
K
1,400
1,573
1,700
Vapor Pressure
1
Pa
0.1
1
10
Thermal Destruction
1,673
K
273
1,673
2,300
Laser Reflectivity
0.1
0.03
0.1
0.44
Thermal Expansion
6.5e-6
K^{-1}
6e-6
6.5e-6
12
Thermal Conductivity
1.7
W/m·K
0.2
1.7
8
Specific Heat
840
J/(kg·K)
400
840
1,200
Laser Absorption
7,500
cm^{-1}
0.06
7,500
1.3e6
Thermal Diffusivity
8.5e-7
m²/s
0
8.5e-7
2e-6
Ablation Threshold
2.8
J/cm²
0.65
2.8
6.3
Basalt Laser Cleaning Material Characteristics
Fracture Toughness
2.4
MPa m^{0.5}
0.13
2.4
2
Density
2,900
kg/m³
2.2
2,900
3,045
Oxidation Resistance
0.96
9.5e-5
0.96
1,547
Youngs Modulus
89
GPa
9.8
89
7.9e10
Hardness
6
Mohs
0.7
6
7.3
Compressive Strength
200
MPa
2.1
200
220
Tensile Strength
14
MPa
1.4
14
15.7
Flexural Strength
20
MPa
2.2
20
36.6
Corrosion Resistance
0.96
6.6e-5
0.96
21
Porosity
3.4
%
0
3.4
19.4
Laser Damage Threshold
1.4
J/cm²
0.42
1.4
13.1
Thermal Destruction
1,673
K
273
1,673
2,300
Laser Reflectivity
0.1
0.03
0.1
0.44
Thermal Expansion
6.5e-6
K^{-1}
6e-6
6.5e-6
12
Thermal Conductivity
1.7
W/m·K
0.2
1.7
8
Specific Heat
840
J/(kg·K)
400
840
1,200
Laser Absorption
7,500
cm^{-1}
0.06
7,500
1.3e6
Thermal Diffusivity
8.5e-7
m²/s
0
8.5e-7
2e-6
Basalt surface magnification
Before Treatment
We've found the contaminated basalt surface looks rough and uneven under magnification. Dark specks of dirt and grime fill every tiny crack and pore. This buildup obscures the stone's natural grainy texture completely.
After Treatment
After laser treatment, we observe a crisp, even surface free of debris. The stone's inherent patterns stand out sharply now. Clean edges reveal the material's solid, uniform structure.
Regulatory Standards & Compliance
ANSI
ANSI Z136.1 - Safe Use of Lasers
IEC
IEC 60825 - Safety of Laser Products
OSHA
OSHA 29 CFR 1926.95 - Personal Protective Equipment
Basalt Laser Cleaning Laser Cleaning FAQs
Q: How does laser cleaning restore the natural appearance of weathered basalt surfaces?
A: Revives dark luster and texture. Laser cleaning employs precise energy pulses to eliminate dirt, grime, and oxidation layers from basalt, particularly without harming the stone itself. Notably, this non-abrasive approach restores the original dark luster and texture, thus boosting durability while safeguarding historical or architectural value in just a few sessions.
Q: Can laser cleaning address the brittleness issues in basalt structures?
A: Combine with post-cleaning sealants. Yes, but indirectly: it cleans contaminants that exacerbate cracking, thus improving surface integrity. However, specifically for inherent brittleness, combine with sealants post-cleaning to boost resistance.
