

Alessandro MorettiPh.D.Italy
Laser-Based Additive ManufacturingPublished
Dec 16, 2025
Algae and Lichen Growth Contamination
Algae-growth contamination, it forms through photosynthetic activity on outdoor surfaces exposed to light and moisture, creating a tenacious green layer that penetrates porous substrates. This patina, it distinguishes itself from fungal biofilms or bacterial slimes by its rapid regrowth and resilient adhesion, particularly on concrete and stone where it embeds deeply, while on metals like steel it clings influenced from humidity cycles, posing challenges in removal that demand targeted approaches beyond simple abrasion. Laser cleaning proves effective, as the process vaporizes the organic matter precisely without damaging the underlying material, yielding thorough clearance.
Safety Information
Critical safety data for laser removal operations
Fire/Explosion Risk
low
Toxic Gas Risk
moderate
Visibility Hazard
moderate
Required Personal Protective Equipment
Respiratory Protection
half_mask
Eye Protection
goggles
Skin Protection
gloves
Hazardous Fumes Generated
| Compound | Concentration | Exposure Limit | Hazard Class | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Monoxide | 5-50 mg/m³ | 29 mg/m³ | toxic | ✓ Within Limit |
| Carbon Dioxide | 100-500 mg/m³ | 9000 mg/m³ | toxic | ✓ Within Limit |
| Formaldehyde | 0.5-5 mg/m³ | 0.37 mg/m³ | carcinogenic | ✓ Within Limit |
| Acetaldehyde | 0.1-2 mg/m³ | 25 mg/m³ | carcinogenic | ✓ Within Limit |
| Nitrogen Oxides (as NO2) | 1-10 mg/m³ | 0.2 mg/m³ | irritant | ✓ Within Limit |
Ventilation Requirements
Air Changes Per Hour
10
Exhaust Velocity
0.5 m/s
Filtration Type
carbon
Particulate Generation
Respirable Fraction
80%
Size Range
0.1 - 10 μm
Substrate Compatibility Warnings
- •Thermal effects may damage heat-sensitive substrates
- •Moisture content in biological growth can cause steam generation
- •Potential for substrate discoloration or surface modification

