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Select a contaminant to compare machines by cleaning fluence (2 mm spot). Substrate context and material guides appear in the results.

Results

Machine fluence comparison

Oxide scale / surface oxidation (TiO₂, Ti₂O₃)on Titanium (cp-Ti, Ti-6Al-4V)

7 in process window · 49 chartable · 45 incomplete or excluded

Substrate guide: Titanium — service context (not the machine fleet)

Narrow process window — CW systems excluded (no pulse-level fluence control).

In windowBelow thresholdNear damageDamage risk

Fluence normalized to a 2 mm spot for comparison only. Validate on coupons before production. Click a machine name on the chart for full specs.

Click a contaminant to compare machine fluence for that cleaning job. Substrate is shown in results; substrate guides appear when available.

Contaminant	Substrate	Process window (J/cm²)
Al₂O₃ oxide	Aluminum 6061/7075	0.5–3.3
Biological soiling	Granite	1.5–16
Black crust	Limestone / marble (CaCO₃)	1–10
Black crust	Marble (metamorphic CaCO₃)	1.25–8
Char / fire damage	Hardwood (oak, ash, walnut, teak)	0.67–5
Contamination	Alumina (Al₂O₃) ceramic	2–10
Contamination	Silicon carbide (SiC)	1.5–8
Copper patina	Copper / bronze	1–13
CrTiAlN coating	Tool steel (H13, D2)	2–6
Efflorescence	Brick	2–16
Gel coat / paint	Fiberglass (GFRP — glass fiber reinforced polymer)	1–10
Grease / oil	Aluminum	4–100
Grease / oil	Carbon steel	16–300
HT oxide scale	Inconel 625 / 718	1.6–10
Mill scale	Carbon steel	2.7–15
Oxide / BUE	Tungsten carbide (WC-Co cemented carbide)	1.875–10
Oxide scale	Stainless steel (304 / 316)	1.25–8
Paint / coating	Wood (general — hardwood or softwood)	0.75–8
Paint / epoxy	Carbon steel	4–30
Paint / graffiti	Concrete	2.5–30
Rebar rust	Carbon steel rebar	16–150
Red rust	Carbon steel	16–150
Release agent	Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)	1–10
Rubber residue	Carbon steel flange face	2.7–15
Soiling	Sandstone	0.8–6.7
Soiling	Slate	1.3–10
Surface soiling	Mortar / pointing	2–16
Ti oxide scale	Titanium (cp-Ti, Ti-6Al-4V)	1–8
Weld heat tint	Stainless steel (304 / 316)	3.3–24
Zinc coating	Carbon steel	2–15