

Ikmanda RoswatiPh.D.Indonesia
Ultrafast Laser Physics and Material InteractionsPublished
Dec 16, 2025
Printing Ink Residue Contamination
Ink-stains contamination, it arises from pigmented deposits of industrial printing, markers, and spray paint that adhere through solvent evaporation and penetration. This pattern distinguishes itself by irregular pigmentation and strong bonding, unlike uniform rust or dust layers, and on porous paper or cardboard, it seeps deeply while on durable steel or concrete, it forms tenacious surface films. Removal challenges include chemical resistance and substrate damage risk, thus laser cleaning excels as pulsed energy vaporizes stains selectively and restores material integrity without abrasion.
Safety Information
Critical safety data for laser removal operations
Fire/Explosion Risk
low
Toxic Gas Risk
moderate
Visibility Hazard
moderate
Required Personal Protective Equipment
Respiratory Protection
PAPR
Eye Protection
goggles
Skin Protection
gloves
Hazardous Fumes Generated
| Compound | Concentration | Exposure Limit | Hazard Class | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Monoxide | 10 mg/m³ | 29 mg/m³ | toxic | ✓ Within Limit |
| Carbon Dioxide | 900 mg/m³ | 9000 mg/m³ | toxic | ✓ Within Limit |
| Volatile Organic Compounds | 50 mg/m³ | 100 mg/m³ | irritant | ✓ Within Limit |
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons | 0.5 mg/m³ | 0.2 mg/m³ | carcinogenic | ⚠️ Exceeds Limit |
| Formaldehyde | 0.5 mg/m³ | 0.37 mg/m³ | carcinogenic | ⚠️ Exceeds Limit |
Ventilation Requirements
Air Changes Per Hour
12
Exhaust Velocity
0.5 m/s
Filtration Type
carbon
Particulate Generation
Respirable Fraction
70%
Size Range
0.1 - 10 μm
Substrate Compatibility Warnings
- •Avoid laser cleaning on chlorinated polymer substrates to prevent phosgene gas formation
- •Test on inconspicuous area first - laser may discolor or damage underlying material
- •Metallic substrates may reflect laser energy creating additional safety hazards

