Fire and Smoke Damage Contamination

Fire-damage contamination consists of char, soot, and thermal degradation products, which form when intense heat from fires decomposes organic matter and deposits irregular residues on surfaces. This contamination, it exhibits unique carbonaceous layering and strong chemical bonding that distinguish it from simpler particulates like dust, thus adheres tenaciously to porous substrates such as concrete and sandstone, where it infiltrates cracks and resists mechanical scraping without risking material erosion. Key challenges arise from uneven thickness and heat sensitivity, yet laser cleaning proves effective, as selective ablation vaporizes the residues layer by layer while preserving durable bases like steel and granite intact.