Optimal laser cleaning settings for a rusted heavy truck frame, typically carbon or alloy steel, vary significantly based on rust thickness, substrate condition, and desired surface finish. Typical parameters include pulse energy (e.g., 10-100 mJ), pulse frequency (e.g., 20-200 kHz), and scan speed (e.g., 100-1000 mm/s). Precise calibration is essential to prevent substrate damage and ensure effective rust removal, often requiring initial test passes.