

Ikmanda RoswatiPh.D.Indonesia
Ultrafast Laser Physics and Material InteractionsPublished
Dec 16, 2025
Wax Coating Buildup Contamination
Wax-buildup contamination arises from paraffin, carnauba, and synthetic deposits in protective coatings and polishes, and it accumulates layer by layer on surfaces. This buildup, hydrophobic and soft in texture, distinguishes itself from greasy oils or dust by even spreading and resistance to solvents. On metals such as steel and aluminum, it clings tightly yet vaporizes readily under laser pulse, thus challenges like incomplete removal diminish, and laser cleaning succeeds through precise ablation without substrate harm.
Safety Information
Critical safety data for laser removal operations
Fire/Explosion Risk
low
Toxic Gas Risk
moderate
Visibility Hazard
moderate
Required Personal Protective Equipment
Respiratory Protection
full_face
Eye Protection
goggles
Skin Protection
gloves
Hazardous Fumes Generated
| Compound | Concentration | Exposure Limit | Hazard Class | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetaldehyde | 5-50 mg/m³ | 25 mg/m³ | irritant | ✓ Within Limit |
| Formaldehyde | 1-15 mg/m³ | 0.3 mg/m³ | carcinogenic | ✓ Within Limit |
| Acrolein | 0.5-5 mg/m³ | 0.1 mg/m³ | toxic | ✓ Within Limit |
| Benzene | 0.5-8 mg/m³ | 0.5 mg/m³ | carcinogenic | ✓ Within Limit |
| Toluene | 2-20 mg/m³ | 20 mg/m³ | toxic | ✓ Within Limit |
Ventilation Requirements
Air Changes Per Hour
12
Exhaust Velocity
0.5 m/s
Filtration Type
carbon
Particulate Generation
Respirable Fraction
70%
Size Range
0.1 - 10 μm
Substrate Compatibility Warnings
- •Thermal effects may damage underlying material
- •Potential for surface discoloration or etching
- •Reflective surfaces may create beam hazards

