

Ikmanda RoswatiPh.D.Indonesia
Ultrafast Laser Physics and Material InteractionsPublished
Dec 16, 2025
Carbon Soot Deposits Contamination
Carbon-soot contamination, it arises from incomplete combustion in engines and furnaces, thus forming black residue of fine particulates. This residue clings tightly and embeds deeply into surfaces, distinguishing itself from dust by resisting water and brushing, while on steel and concrete it alters texture and penetrates pores. Removal challenges include scratching risks and chemical residues, yet laser cleaning vaporizes soot precisely and preserves substrate integrity thus.
Safety Information
Critical safety data for laser removal operations
Fire/Explosion Risk
low
Toxic Gas Risk
moderate
Visibility Hazard
high
Required Personal Protective Equipment
Respiratory Protection
PAPR
Eye Protection
goggles
Skin Protection
full_suit
Hazardous Fumes Generated
| Compound | Concentration | Exposure Limit | Hazard Class | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Monoxide | 50 mg/m³ | 29 mg/m³ | toxic | ⚠️ Exceeds Limit |
| Carbon Dioxide | 500 mg/m³ | 9000 mg/m³ | toxic | ✓ Within Limit |
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) | 2.5 mg/m³ | 0.2 mg/m³ | carcinogenic | ⚠️ Exceeds Limit |
| Ultrafine Carbon Particles | 15 mg/m³ | 3 mg/m³ | toxic | ⚠️ Exceeds Limit |
Ventilation Requirements
Air Changes Per Hour
12
Exhaust Velocity
0.5 m/s
Filtration Type
dual
Particulate Generation
Respirable Fraction
80%
Size Range
0.01 - 10 μm
Substrate Compatibility Warnings
- •Laser parameters must be optimized to minimize substrate damage and excessive fume generation
- •Avoid laser cleaning on painted surfaces containing lead or chromium
- •Test on small area first to assess fume generation characteristics

